Dr. sa Michela Barducco - Dietista, Naturopata, Counselor, Floriterapeuta, Riflessologa
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Dr.ssa Michela Barducco
Dr.ssa Michela Barducco
Dietista, Naturopata, Counselor e Floriterapeuta
Dietista, Naturopata, Counselor e Floriterapeuta
Riflessologa
Riflessologa
Alimentazione e trattamenti naturali
Alimentazione e trattamenti naturali
Il mio blog
Il mio blog
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Il trattamento dei disturbi alimentari: l'alimentazione meccanica.
| Posted on December 6, 2012 at 7:55 PM |
 Chi soffre di disturbi dell’alimentazione ha difficoltà a capire quando ha fame o è sazio ed ha pensieri disfunzionali nei confronti dell’alimentazione, del peso e delle forme corporee. Una strategia utile per affrontare questi due ostacoli si è dimostrata l’alimentazione meccanica. Mangiare meccanicamente consiste nel cercare di assumere il cibo secondo quanto si è pianificato in precedenza: si dovrebbe considerare ilcibo comeunamedicina. La pianificazione dei pasti si è dimostrata utile per
facilitare l’esposizione al cibo, l’eliminazione della restrizione alimentare
e la restrizione del BMI: essa consiste nel pianificare in anticipo quanto, quando, che cosa, dove e in
quanto tempo mangiare. La pianificazione dei pasti viene utilizzata nel trattamento dell'anoressia nervosa: una volta pianificata l’alimentazione va consumata
utilizzando la tecnica dell’alimentazione meccanica. L'alimentazione meccanica è dunque una strategia terapeutica utilizzata nei programmi di riabilitazione nutrizionale ospedaliera e ambulatoriale per il trattamento dei disturbi alimentari, in particolare per il trattamento dell'anoressia nervosa; attualmente nel trattamento della bulimia nervosa e dei disturbi alimentari atipici si preferisce utilizzare altri tipi di strategie terapeutiche. L'alimentazione meccanica è una tecnica studiata per
imparare a ridurre i pensieri riguardanti il cibo, i pensieri legati al controllo del peso, le abbuffate (sia oggettive sia soggettive), a ripristinare i
segnali biologici della fame e della sazietà, a ridurre l'ansia e i sensi di colpa connessi all'alimentazione. Per riuscire ad alimentarsi meccanicamente è necessario svuotare il pasto di ogni significato; il cibo viene considerato come una
medicina da prendere ad orari scadenzati e prefissati (il cibo va assunto negli orari stabiliti e non bisogna assumere cibo al di fuori di essi) e nelle quantità stabilite: quando si segue l'alimentazione meccanica bisogna ignorare i segnali di fame e sazietà (falsati dal disturbo), imparare ad ignorare i pensieri e le preoccupazioni per quello che c'è nel piatto e per l'adeguatezza delle porzioni, bisogna evitare di rimuginare sul cibo. Pianificare i pasti e alimentarsi meccanicamente significa decidere in anticipo quando, quanto e cosa mangiare ed attenersi al programma in modo scrupoloso: è importante non saltare mai un pasto, cercare di non mangiare in solitudine e dopo il pasto cercare di distrarsi, in modo da limitare il più possibile i rimuginii riguardanti il cibo assunto. L'alimentazione meccanica va proseguita fino alla normalizzazione del peso: a questo punto gli stimoli della
fame e della sazietà saranno più affidabili e le preoccupazioni per l’alimentazione, il peso e le forme corporee diminuite. Quando si utilizza la tecnica dell'alimentazione meccanica è molto importante cercare di non assumere cibo in difetto o in eccesso rispetto a quanto pianificato: solo così sarà possibile ridurre veramente l’ansia nei confronti del cibo ed il rischio di abbuffate con i conseguenti sensi di colpa e metodi di compenso; ricordiamo a questo proposito che le abbuffate soggettive sono un fattore di mantenimento del disturbo come le abbuffate oggettive e che le prime come le seconde sono in grado di portare a mettere in atto i metodi di compenso che a loro volta rappresentano un ulteriore fattore di mantenimento del disturbo. L'alimentazione meccanica permette di:
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Categories: Disturbi del comportamento alimentare: Anoressia e Bulimia Nervosa, Disturbi Alimentari Atipici
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